"Specialized, Specialized and New" is written into the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. What signals are sent? ｜Xinjing Think Tank

▲On October 16, the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened in Beijing. Photo/Xinhua News Agency

On the evening of October 25, Xinhua News Agency was authorized to release the full text of the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The report clearly pointed out that it "supports the development of specialized, specialized and new enterprises".

"Specialization, specialization and innovation" was first proposed by Zhu Hongren, the former chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, at the press conference of "China's Industrial Development and Industrial Policy Report (2011)" in July 2011. Promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the direction of "specialization, special innovation".

In September of the same year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises", clearly proposing to "adhere to 'Specialized, Specialized and New'. The development direction of 'Specialized, Specialized and New' is an important aspect of the transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises and the transformation of their development methods. way.” Since then, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has successively selected three batches of 4,922 specialized and new “little giant” enterprises.

In March of this year, the 2022 government work report stated that "focus on cultivating 'specialized and special new' enterprises, and provide strong support in terms of funds, talents, and incubation platform construction." The fourth batch of "specialized and special new 'little giants'" The final selection of enterprises was also released in September this year-more than 4,357 new ones were added, and the total number of four batches totaled more than 9,000.

The development of "specialized, special and new" enterprises has gradually evolved from a departmental policy to a national policy, which was then included in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. What signals does this send? The Beijing News and Beijing Think Tank interviewed Professor Wei Chu, the deputy dean of the School of Applied Economics at Renmin University of China. As the deputy director of the Economic Committee of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association, he has participated in many specialized, special and new research activities and report writing.

Wei Chu said, how to balance the relationship between security and development in a turbulent world situation is a major issue in the historical journey of realizing the great changes unseen in a century and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is a major strategic arrangement under this topic to include "specialization, specialization and innovation" in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

Confidence in the development of SMEs

Wei Chu said that from the content of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, although there is only one statement about "specialized, special and new", "support the development of specialized, special and new enterprises", combined with General Secretary Xi Jinping's many occasions in the past, "specialized and new" Only by focusing on the content emphasized by "Specialized, Specialized and New" can we deeply understand the value of "Specialized, Specialized and New" written into the top 20 reports.

The concept of "Specialized, Specialized and New" began in July 2011 when Zhu Hongren, the former chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, explained it at a press conference, and then appeared in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Growth of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Since then, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and relevant ministries and commissions have successively issued some relevant policy documents that mention the need to develop "specialized, special and new" enterprises.

"Specialized, special and new" entered the central policy document in 2019. In April of that year, the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council put forward the idea of ​​"guiding the specialization and new development of small and medium-sized enterprises". In August of that year, at the fifth meeting of the Central Finance and Economics, it was proposed to give full play to the spirit of entrepreneurship and craftsmanship, and cultivate a group of "specialized, special and new" small and medium-sized enterprises.

After entering 2021, "specialized, special and new" frequently appears in relevant meetings or documents at the central level. In July of that year, the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation and the resilience of the supply chain of the industrial chain, strengthen basic research, promote applied research, carry out special actions to strengthen the chain, speed up the solution to the "stuck neck" problem, and develop specialized New SMEs.

In October 2021, at the 34th collective study of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, it was proposed to "accelerate the cultivation of a group of "specialized, special and new" enterprises and individual champion enterprises in the manufacturing industry." In December, the Central Economic Work Conference clearly stated that it is necessary to "enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, launch a number of industrial foundation reconstruction projects, and stimulate the emergence of a large number of 'specialized, special and new' enterprises."

"Why is it mentioned here to 'stimulate the emergence of a large number of specialized and special new enterprises'? It is because the number of 'specialized and special new' enterprises selected in the first three batches is not large enough to meet the needs of decision-making." Wei Chu said. This is why every elaboration on "specialization, specialization and innovation" has new connotations.

Wei Chu said that "specialization, special innovation" has received the attention of the central government, and at least two messages have been conveyed. First of all, my country's small and medium-sized enterprises have always been the main force in promoting employment and improving people's livelihood. In recent years, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in the private economy have encountered operational difficulties. Through the "specialized, special and new" approach, we have guided and supported the development of this group of enterprises. "This shows that the country has confidence in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is necessary to give them policy support and build confidence. It is very important to stabilize the confidence of entrepreneurs, stabilize the expectations of the economy, and stabilize investment expectations."

Another layer of information conveyed is that the country will attach great importance to the real economy in the future. The profit margin of China's real economy is very low. Not only do entrepreneurs have no confidence, but capital investment also has no confidence. Therefore, "we need to give the market a shot in the arm, which is an important signal for stabilizing expectations and developing the real economy." Wei Chu said.

The "core" of industrial chain security

"Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other" is an important task for my country's current development. Wei Chu said that how to smooth the domestic cycle, a very important prerequisite is that the industrial chain is resilient enough to run smoothly.

The ability to turn an industrial chain not only means that the chains of different departments and different products can be turned, but also means that the upstream and downstream of the same industrial chain can also be turned. "In this way, we can guarantee the income of the laborers up and down the industrial chain, and the income can drive domestic demand." Wei Chu said.

The premise of opening up the internal cycle of the industrial chain or maintaining the security of the industrial chain is to ensure that all links of the industrial chain are independently controllable, or most of them are controllable. This is why the party and the government attach importance to "specialization, special innovation". Many of the "professional, special and new" enterprises have some core technologies that have been cultivated for a long time and have a high degree of specialization, and have the ability to deal with the "stuck neck" of core technologies.

Wei Chu introduced that the two conferences held in August and September this year did not necessarily attract the attention of the outside world, but they reflected the intention of my country's development strategy layout. These two conferences, one is the "National Specialized and New SME Development Conference", and the other is the "International Forum on Industrial Chain Supply Chain Resilience and Stability". General Secretary Xi Jinping sent congratulatory letters to both conferences. "These two conferences actually show that the core of industrial chain security is 'specialization, special innovation', and if 'specialization, special innovation' is firmly grasped, the security of the industrial chain will be basically guaranteed."

At the same time, international competition is more about economic competition. This kind of competition will be reflected between enterprises, especially large enterprises in some key fields, platform enterprises, and "specialized, special and new" enterprises with core competitiveness. Therefore, the development of "specialized, special and new" enterprises needs the support of the state. Otherwise, when we reach the stage of comprehensive economic competition, "we will be restricted by people everywhere. From this perspective, "specialized, special and new" enterprises, " Small giants or invisible champions can play the role of "vanguard".

In addition, because "specialized, special and new" enterprises help to smooth the internal circulation, protect the income of the people, stimulate consumption, and promote economic growth. "This is also an important means to promote common prosperity." Wei Chu said.