Can you tell someone about the history of industrial development?

ancient time

Simple machines: levers, wheels, pulleys, ramps, screws, etc.

In 3000 BC, during the construction of the pyramids, logs were used to move huge stones.



Archimedes used a screw to lift water to a high place, which is the ancestor of today's screw conveyor.

ancient China

In the first century A.D., the "Shui Pai" of the Eastern Han Dynasty used hydraulic blasting to make iron, which used gears and linkages.

Jin Dynasty

"Continuous grinding" uses a cow to drive eight grinding discs, in which a gear train is applied.

medieval europe

Lathe for processing wooden sticks driven by pedals

Grinding machine using crankshaft

After the 13th century, mechanical clocks were developed in Europe. Linkage mechanism, gear mechanism and cam mechanism have been used in ancient machinery. Some of the types of institutions most commonly used today were basically known in Leonardo da Vinci's time.

Modern: mid-18th century - mid-20th century

Due to the changes in power, materials, processing methods, production modes, mechanisms and transmissions, coupled with the establishment of mechanical theories and design methods, the development of machinery has brought about a qualitative leap.

The power of ancient machinery: human power, animal power and water power.

Power restricts the development of machinery.

First of all, the change of power has promoted the rapid development and wide application of machinery.

In 1765, Watt invented the steam engine. Opened the prelude to the first industrial revolution. The steam engine has brought powerful power to human beings, and various power-driven industrial machinery - textile machines, lathes, etc., have sprung up like mushrooms after rain.

(textile factories in the age of steam)

In the 19th century, the second industrial revolution invented the electric motor and the internal combustion engine

Electricity replaced steam. Centralized drives were ditched, and individual electric motors were fitted to each machine. It provides the possibility for the emergence of automobiles and airplanes. In 1886, the tricycle powered by the gasoline engine invented by Benz was granted a patent.

At the same time, Daimler also invented his first four-wheeled car.

mid 18th century

The steelmaking method was invented, and from then until now, steel has always been the most important material for manufacturing machinery.

(the earliest indigenous method of steelmaking)

late 18th century

The prototype of the modern lathe came out in England;

mid-19th century,

Various types of general-purpose machine tools are generally available;

late 19th century

Automatic machine tools and large machine tools appear.

Social needs are growing day by day. At the beginning of the 20th century, mechanical manufacturing entered the era of mass production mode. Logo: American Ford Motor Production

18th century

Euler proposed for the first time to use involutes as the tooth profile of gears, thus making high-speed, high-power mechanical transmission possible.

20th Century

All kinds of new transmissions with large transmission ratio and compact structure, high-speed stepping mechanism, precise rolling screw transmission,

... ...

Institutional innovation has not stopped until today.

The development of machines calls for mechanical theories and design methods.

The establishment of Newton's classical mechanics prepared the theoretical basis for this.

With the continuous improvement of machine operating speed, problems such as machine vibration and speed fluctuation have attracted people's attention, and mechanical dynamics have developed.

to the first half of the 20th century

Methods of mechanical design have been basically formed, however, these methods are based on diagrams and manual calculations.

Modern: mid-20th century -

The computer has brought a new look to the mechanical design method, and the emergence of various CAD auxiliary software tools such as UG, proe, SolidWorks, catia, etc., has made the mechanical design more rapid and accurate.

last 30 years of the 20th century

The popularity of computer applications has greatly promoted the innovation of mechanical analysis and design methods.

Computer calculations replace manual calculations and graphical methods.

Modern design methods such as computer-aided design, optimal design, finite element method, and dynamic design are developing rapidly.

The computer has not only greatly improved the calculation speed, but also has become an unprecedented powerful means of mechanical analysis and design.

The theory and method of the entire mechanical design have taken on a new look.

Mechanical design in the modern sense is inseparable from computers.

Computer control systems and servo motors were introduced into traditional machines, revolutionizing their composition, appearance and function.

Modern times: the emergence of robots

With the emergence of computers and servo motors, robots, as representatives of modern machines, have stepped onto the stage of history.

Industrial robots: more and more widely used in industrial production. Used for handling, assembly, welding, painting, rock drilling and other work.

Special robots: used in diving, pipeline repair, surgery, bioengineering, military, interstellar exploration and other fields, and undertake many tasks that cannot be completed by human direct operation.

Humans have existed as a separate species for about two million years. Our civilization began about 10,000 years ago, and its development has been steadily accelerating. If humanity is to survive the next million years, we must go boldly and go where no one has gone before!

— End —

Source of this article: Mechanical community